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 * Ideal Speech Situation**: Habermas’ idea that people say only what they believe to be the truth and speak when they have the authority talk (Newman, 2006).

[] Philosophically, identity also means equal to; questions of self-identity often become questions of identical to. For example, if I am identical to myself yesterday, is every part of me today the exact same as every part of me yesterday? What about changes that have occurred to me between yesterday and today? What about time? It is an interesting thought and pushes me to accept and live in the present. Where a person, group, or community does not rely on anything or anyone outside, for survival, for growth, for decision-making. 1. a characteristic, habit, mannerism, or the like, that is peculiar to an individual. 2. the physical constitution peculiar to an individual. 3. a peculiarity of the physical or the mental constitution, especially susceptibility toward drugs, food, etc. Compare allergy
 * Ideology** - is a set of ideas that constitutes one's goals, expectations, and actions. An ideology can be thought of as a comprehensive vision, as a way of looking at things (compare worldview), as in common sense and several philosophical tendencies, or a set of ideas proposed by the dominant class of a society to all members of this society (a "received consciousness" or product of socialization). The main purpose behind an ideology is to offer either change in society, or adherence to a set of ideals where conformity already exists, through a normative thought process. Ideologies are systems of abstract thought applied to public matters and thus make this concept central to politics. Implicitly every political tendency entails an ideology whether or not it is propounded as an explicit system of thought. It is how society sees things.
 * //Identity//**– is described by Stephen Epstein as a socialized sense of individuality, an internal organization of self perception concerning one’s relationship to social categories, that also incorporates views of the self perceived to be held by others. Identity is constituted relationally, through involvement with--and incorporation of—significant others and integration into communities. (Young p.45, 1990)
 * //Identity Triangle//** - the tool used to locate an educator's identity. It is made up of social identity, organizational identity, and political identity. (Arnold et al. p. 12)
 * Independence -**
 * Idiosyncrasy -**


 * //Illiteracy//** - Inability to read or write. Sometimes the concept is also used to include inability to calculate.Illiteracy is often erroneously used to refer to //low// literacy. While most developed countries do not have significant levels of //illiteracy//, //low literacy//, that being the basic ability to read and write, but not to be able to process what is read, is high in some segments of the population or workforce.

**Imagined community-** A term coined by Benedict Anderson to explain feelings of nationalism that states that a nation is a community that is socially constructed or 'imagined' by the people who feel they belong to the group. A member of an imagined community will never know most of their fellow citizen through face-to-face interaction or contact, yet still feels connected to them. This is because members of an imagined community have a mental image of their united identity. This image of identity is perpetuated through common communication forms such as national newspapers.

Inclusive education differs from previously held notions of ‘integration’ and ‘mainstreaming’, which tended to be concerned principally with disability and ‘special educational needs’ and implied learners changing or becoming ‘ready for’ or deserving of accommodation by the mainstream. By contrast, inclusion is about the child’s right to participate and the school’s duty to accept the child. Inclusion rejects the use of [|special schools] or classrooms to separate students with disabilities from students without disabilities. A premium is placed upon full participation by students with disabilities and upon respect for their social, civil, and educational rights. [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_(education)]
 * Inclusion** in education is an approach to educating students with [|special educational needs] . Under the inclusion model, students with special needs spend most or all of their time with non-disabled students. Implementation of these practices varies. Schools most frequently use them for selected students with mild to severe special needs. [|[1]]


 * Inclusive Learning Environment ** s - based on the notion that the educator must adjust the learning environment so that all learners can thrive regardless of gender, ethnicity, class, age, sexuality, cognitive and/or physical abilities. Related concepts include: equality in and access to education, humanism, and learner-centredness.

 1. the quality or fact of being unjust; inequity. 2. violation of the rights of others; unjust or unfair action ortreatment. 3. an unjust or unfair act; wrong. Intuitive learners prefer innovative and theoretical information and they look for the meaning behind each task they complete. This method for learning is applicable to critical thinkers, as they do not simply complete tasks without understanding why they need to learn a particular topic or accomplish a task.
 * Injustice:** noun
 * Internal Motivation ** - Learners are motivated from within by personal needs/wants that are positive in nature such as a desire to succeed, love of learning, a feeling of accomplishment, or negative such as fear of failure.
 * Intuitive Learning**

//**Immigrant** -// Person who settles into a different region or country. The term is applied from the perspective of the destination country. //**Impasse**// - A difficult situation in which no advancement or progress can be made, often resulting in a deadlock. (http://www.answers.com/topic/impasse).
 * //Immediacy//** - A principle of effective adult education (Vella, 2002). It is "the need to see the immediate usefulness of new learning" and emphasizes the importance of the learner's perception of the learning experience: it is based upon "perceived usefulness, related to respect for the learner's context, sequence of learning tasks, the data shared in the needs assessment".

the attempt of one country to control another country, esp. by political and economic methods.
 * Imperialism-**usually disapproving,

Imperialism is geared toward the establishment and ongoing exploitation of foreign economies and territories to create a situation of oppression. The Age of Imperialism started in the 19th with the establishment of overseas colonies by countries such as the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy and Germany.

, the creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship, usually between states. The creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship usually between states, and often in forms of an empire based on domination, and subordination.Imperialism has been described as Western concept that employs "expansionist - mechantilist and latterly - communist systems.[]

[]
 * //Impoverished//** is the shortage of common things such as food, clothing, shelter and safe drinking water, all of which determine the quality of life. Broke, destitute. poor, needy, poverty striken.
 * Improvisation -** is the practice of acting, singing, talking and reacting, of making and creating, in the moment and in response to the stimulus of one's immediate environment and inner feelings. This can result in the invention of new thought patterns, new practices, new structures or symbols, and/or new ways to act. This is a designed simulation that is not planned and requires on the spot critical thinking and application of knowledge, feeling and perspective.
 * Imprinting-** This is a type of learning, at a certain phase of life. It it thought that this type of learning is independent of consequences that follow certain type of behaviour. Filial imprinting is when a young animal learns characteristics of their parents. Sexual imprinting is when a young animal learns characteristics of a desirable mate. It does seem this is applicable to humans, as we are animals! (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imprinting_(psychology))
 * Incidental Learning** - Also called informal learning, takes place without any intent to learn. It does not take place in any establisehd or formal education establishment. It has no curriculumand is not professionally organized, but rather originates accidentally, sporadically, in association with certain occasions from changing practical requirements. []
 * //Inclusion//** – method of ensuring people within an organized structure feel they belong, can engage and can connect through and with the organization. It also indicates the value of a sense of belonging within an organized structure(Wikipedia, //inclusion//, []).

Two quantities are **incommensurable** if both cannot be measured in the same units. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incommensurable When discussing "oppression" the framework for analyzing and evaluating social structures and practices is incommensurate with the language of liberal individualism that dominates political discussion in the United States today (Young p.39).
 * Incommensurate** - //adj.// not commensurate, disproportionate; inadequate (Webster's Dictionary 2nd Ed).

1. out of keeping or place; inappropriate; unbecoming: anincongruous effect; incongruous behavior.  2. not harmonious in character; inconsonant; lacking harmonyof parts: an incongruous  [|mixture] of architectural styles.  3. inconsistent: actions that were incongruous with theirprofessed principles. 
 * Incongruous - adj.**
 * Indigenous Education** - refers to the inclusion of indigenous knowledge, models, methods and content within formal and non-formal educational systems. Often in a post-colonial context, the growing recognition and use of indigenous education methods can be a response to the erosion and loss of indigenous knowledge and language through the processes of colonialism. Furthermore, it can enable indigenous communities to “reclaim and revalue their languages and cultures, and in so doing, improve the educational success of indigenous students.”


 * Individualism -** (1) a doctrine that the interests of the individual are or ought to be ethically paramount; //also// the conception that all values, rights, and duties originate in individuals//.// (2) a theory maintaining the political and economic independence of the individual and stressing individual initiative, action, and interests.

Ref: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/individualism

self-reliance
 * //Individualist//** - One who pursues an independent or egoistic course in thought or action. Young (45) asserts that "Social ontology is methodologically individualist or atomist." It is also the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that stresses "the moral worth of the individual"[|[1]]. Individualists promote the exercise of one's goals and desires and so independence and

Kollins, J. M., & Hansman, C. A. (2005). __ [|The role of women in popular education in Bolivia: A case study of the //Oficina Juridica Para La Mujer.////Adult Basic Education//, //15//(1), 3-20 (UBC e-journals)] __
 * Individual Deficit Model -** Model that operates on the assumption that adult learners have something missing from their intellect and that a teacher must fill the void with knowledge, thus education becomes no more than a mechanism for enforcing hegemonic values and social control.

[|[2]] while opposing most external interference upon one's own interests, whether by society, or any other group or institution (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism).


 * //Indoctrinate//** -to instruct in a body of principles. ([])

**Indoctrination -** to instruct in a doctrine, principle, ideology, etc., esp. to imbue with a specific partisan or biased belief or point of view.
 * Indoctrination** "is the process of inculcating ideas, attitudes, cognitive strategies or a professional methodology. It is often distinguished from education by the fact that the indoctrinated person is expected not to question or critically examine the doctrine they have learned". (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoctrination)


 * //Inductive Learning//** "proceeding from the particular to the general" (Vella, pg. 14); using specific instances or situations to make a general statement. Example of an inductive design in teaching: using the classroom activity "Pass the Message" to focus on the importance of checking communications.(Vella p.141). Learning occurs through inferring a generalisation from numerous examples and instances provided by the teacher

Ineffable - incapable of being described by words or expression or not to be spoken due to its sacredness, unutterable.
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ineffable

Infantilize 1. to keep or reduce in an infant state This form of education is less structured than nonformal education and it refers to learning that is unplanned and not formally organized. ie. An individual teaches his coworker how to operate the office photocopier.This also includes life-skills and everyday learning from observing others. For example, children informally learn how to react to certain situations based, often, on what is demonstrated to them. There are no specified learning objectives in informal education but it implies that the individual is aware of the learning process.
 * //Informal Education -//**

"To be information literate, a person must be able to recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information" "A new liberal art that extends from knowing how to use computers and access information to critical reflection on the nature of information itself, its technical infrastructure and its social, cultural, and philosophical context and impact." source: [] to induct into membership by or as if by special rites to instruct in the rudiments or principles of something
 * //__Information literacy:__//** a set of competencies that an informed citizen of an information society ought to possess to participate intelligently and actively in that society.
 * Initiating:** to cause or facilitate the beginning of : set going 

//**an**//
 * Institution-**

organization, establishment, foundation, society, or the like, devoted to the promotion of a particular cause or program, esp. one of a public, educational, or charitable character

a well-established and structured pattern of behavior or of relationships that is accepted as a fundamental part of a culture, as marriage:

the institution of the family; any established law, custom, etc. //**Instinct**// - "An unlearned tendency to behave in a particular way. Instinctive behaviours are those actions or reactions to specific stimuli, shown in similar form by all normally-developed members of a species, no specific life-experience being necessary for their emergence." (The Barnes & Noble Encyclopedia) **Institutional Domination:** refers to discriminatory polices and practices within organizations and governments. Examples include slavery laws, segregation laws, Head Tax against Chinese immigrants, Japanese internment camps among others. //**Instructional Plan**// – describes the planning context and learner community that need to be considered to in the implementation of the program. It also includes a detailed schedule, elements, learning objectives, assessment of learning needs, instructional techniques and aids.


 * //Instrumental Learning// -** deals with the environment; found in practical, skill-based courses; is "how-to" learning (Newman 238) -The consequence of responding is the most important element in instrumental learning. In this type of learning, the behavior is instrumental in producing a change in the environment, and that environmental change in turn affects the probability of the behavior that produced it. ([])

[]
 * Intentionality -** consciousness is always consciousness of something. Thus the world is always given with "my self-awareness" as an experiencing person; it is incorrect to think that there is an "I" which is "unworldly", or which has to "break out of the circle of its subjectivity" to come into the "world". (Here, the "world" means a series of "meaning-patterns" in which one is involved)

//**Internship**// - A temporary position with an emphasis on on-the-job training rather than merely employment (SIH-199), making it similar to an apprenticeship. Internships are usually offered to college or university students, but they can also be for high school students or post graduate adults seeking skills for a new career. Student internships provide opportunities for students to gain experience in their field, determine if they have an interest in a particular career, create a network of contacts, or gain school credit. Internships provide employers with cheap or free labor for (typically) low-level tasks, and also the prospect of interns returning to the company after completing their education and requiring little or no training. An internship may be either paid, unpaid or partially paid (in the form of a stipend). ([])
 * Integration-** The bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups into unrestricted and equal association, as in society or an organization; desegregation.


 * Interpretive Learning** - We engage in this in order to understand and come to grips with the human condition. We learn about people, about how we organize ourselves, about how we relate and communicate, and about symbolic interaction and the social construction of meaning. We learn to solve problems not by the application of "scientific" logic but by talking things through and seeking consensus. (Newman, 2006 p.238)

//**Interstice**//: A small crack or short space of time between events or pre-scheduled activities. For example, “We found ourselves planning a course to take place in the interstices of their days” (Vella, 2002, p. 217). (Source: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/interstices. Retrieved July 20, 2009.)

//**Intrinsic Motivation** -// M otivation that occurs from the rewards inherent to a task or activityIntrinsic motivation refers to behaviors done in the absence of external impetus that are inherently interesting and enjoyable (Ryan and Deci, 2000a).


 * //Invidious//** - likely to excite resentment or indignation against the person responsible, by real or perceived injustice (an invidious position). Young states that "some people think that social groups are **//invidious//** fictions, essentializing arbitrary attributes" (Young, Five Faces of Oppression. pg. 46). **Envy** (also called **invidiousness**) may be defined as an [|emotion] that "occurs when a person lacks another’s //(perceived)// superior quality, achievement, or possession and either desires it or wishes that the other lacked it.

the self-image an individual forms by imagining what others think of his or her behavior and appearance.
 * looking-glass self:**

[]


 * Jargon: t**he term covers the language used by people who work in a particular area or who have a common interest. Much like slang, it can develop as a kind of short-hand, to express ideas that are frequently discussed between members of a group, though it can also be developed deliberately using chosen terms. A standard term may be given a more precise or unique usage among practitioners of a field. In many cases this causes a barrier to communication with those not familiar with the language of the field.(Wikepedia)


 * Jaundiced-** affected with or as if having jaundiced


 * Journal:** A form of writing. Typically done for a few minutes each day. The writing is done in a notebook and is often used to encourage reflection or exploration of ideas of interest to the students. Journal writing is typically not graded, and in some instances, is not read by anyone but the student. In other instances, the journal can be used to establish an ongoing written dialog between the student and the teacher.[| http://www.beesburg.com/edtools/glossary.html]

"institutional conditions necessary for the development and exercise of individual capacities and collective communication and co operation" (Young, 1990, 39)
 * //Justice//** - the maintenance or administration of what is just especially by the impartial adjustment of conflicting claims or the assignment of merited rewards or punishments (Dictionary.com). Ideas of justice are culturally determined and often predetermined through law, yet many ideologies may have different opinions of what justice is (wikipedia.org). example: social justice is achieved in every aspect of society, such as fair and impartial treatment and benefits to all people in society (Wikipedia.com)

S. Kirkbright, Karl Jaspers, A biography - navigations in truth (2004)
 * Jaspers**, Karl (1883-1969) was a German philosopher and psychiatrist. His dissertation was on Homesickness and Crime. He had a long-stnading friendship with the sociologist Max Weber and the philosopher Martin Heidegger. In 1922 he was appointed professor at Heidelberg University where he was also the teacher of Hannah Arendt. He was removed from university under the Nazi regime in 1933 as he was opposed to the rulers and also was married to Getrud Mayer who was Jewish. After WWII he contributed immensely to the re-establishing of Heidelberg University. In psychiatry he introduced the so-called biographical method which looks into the lives of his patience but also how they felt about their symptoms. The method has become accepted in general psychiatry today. Jaspers also wrote on the danger to human freedom caused by modern science and economics.


 * Kangas** - A Musoma word that means women's shawls (Vella, 2002, p. 81). Also comes from the old Bantu (Kiswahili) verb ku-kanga to wrap or close, is a colourful garment similar to [|kitenge], worn by women and occasionally by men throughout [|Eastern Africa] . It is a piece of printed [|cotton] [|fabric] , about 1.5m by 1m, often with a border along all four sides (called //pindo// in Swahili), and a central part (//mji//)which differs in design from the borders. Kangas are usually very colorful.


 * //Kusikilizana//**--A Swahali word meaning to hear one another. (Vella, 79).


 * Knowledge -** To actively engage as subjects in a variety of settings; whether formal or informal. The inventing and re-inventing of what has been passed on from one individual to the next (Gadotti, 2001). It is the attaining of skills, values, morals, lifestyle and experiences that shape a personality. With knowledge can come power and social status which must be maintained with a careful heart. It is also skills acquired by a person through experience or education. As educators, when we empower students through teaching subjects, they gain more knowledge as they learn to think for themselves in these areas. Knowledge is power.


 *  Knowledge Management : ** (or **KM **) A term applied to techniques used for the systematic collection, transfer, security and management of information within organizations, along with systems designed to help make best use of that knowledge. In particular it refers to tools and techniques designed to preserve the availability of information held by key individuals and facilitate decision making and reducing risk.


 * Labour Theory of Value:** A theory which states that every commondity's value is a function of the labour time necessary for its production, and consequently, labour produces new value. Profit is created by the the difference between the value of the labour performed and the value of the capacity to labour which a capitalist purchases. This theory is one explanation for the exploitation face of oppression. (Young, I.M. 1990)

The labor movement took its root long back in the colonial regime spanning between 1619 and 1776 plus. Initially the social set up was overwhelmingly rural with abundant land. A vast majority of the population of the Eastern US, then called New World, were self employed as independent farmers and artisans, or later in urban retail trade and professions. Then with the shift in agricultural pattern from food crops to cash crops and from local consumption to global sale, demand for labor rose.
 * Labor Union Movement:**

To satisfy the demand potential employers turned towards indentured servants and African slaves. The servants and slaves <span class="IL_AD">apart skilled craftsmen at first plied their trade independently. But with the growth of urban concentration master workmen set up small retail shops and employed journeymen and apprentices against wage <span class="IL_AD">payment. After all, the bustling seaport cities had always needed casual laborers and hired craftsmen.


 * //Lacanian Psychoanalysis//** - conceives the self as an achievement of linguistic positioning that is always contextualized in concrete relations with other persons, with their mixed identities. The self is a product of social processes, not its origin (Young, p. 45-46).
 * Leadership:** has been described as the "process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task." Definitions more inclusive of followers can emerged.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">**Learning:** <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">1. knowledge acquired by systematic study in any field of scholarly application <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">2. the act or process of acquiring knowledge or skill <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">3. the modification of behaviour through practice, training, or experience <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">4. to become informed of or acquainted with; ascertain <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">5. to memorize


 * Learning Biography** - An activity that invites "learners to reflect on how they have learned in their lives" (Vella, 2002). Educators can use this activity to assess the learners' past educational experiences. It is one example of an activity that can be integrated into a learning needs and resources assessment.
 * //Learning-centered learning// -** learning that is not teacher focused, or student focused, but learning focused. Learning happens through dialogue between teacher and learners and amongst learners, and is generated through the dialogue. It is "pragmatic, focused, accountable, sure" (Gravett, in Vella 2002, p. xv).
 * //Learning needs and resources assessment (LNRA)//** process through which the teacher learns and then makes explicit for the learners their themes, issues and questions around the topic being taught. (Vella 57)
 * //Learning Communities//** - Groups that form when people congregate due to mutual interests. Modern communities, formed by lifestyle choices, are examples of learning communities. (p. 11, Walker, from Bitterman, 2000)


 * Learner-centredness ** - an approach to teaching in which the needs and wants of learners are incorporated into the learning process. Students are actively involved in their own learning rather than passive recipients of knowledge/skills. Related terms/concepts include: self-directed learning, inclusive learning environments, and andragogy.


 * //Leaven//** //-// **1.** an element that produces an altering or transforming influence. **2**. to permeate with altering or transforming elements. (Webster's Dict. 2nd Ed.) Most highly-educated socially concerned individuals feel they have a responsibility to //leaven// out (transform/alter) society by teaching/educating the people with their intellectual knowledge. The Highlander instructors had to unlearn this standard and accept that the people who came to Highlander were the educational authorities--not the staff (Adams p.206).


 * Left-Wing Nut:** ‘<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Insane’ or <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> ‘ <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">crazy’ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> members of a liberal or radical political party, or those <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">favoring extensive political reform.
 * **Left-Wing** : <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">members of a liberal or radical political party, or those <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">favoring extensive political reform. //([])//
 * **Nut:** <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">insane;crazy.//(// //<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/nuts) //


 * Legal Promoter’s Course**: An educational program offered in Bolivia by a non-governmental organization (NGO) called the //Oficina Juridica Para la Mujer// (OJM). In this program, participants are trained to provide legal help and assistance to others “in the realm of family, workplace, and community” (Kollins & Hansman, 2005). The program utilizes transformational approaches, like storytelling and site visits, to facilitate learning. The ultimate goal of the OJM was to facilitate social change particularly for women in Bolivia.

Kollins, J. M. and Hansman, C.A. (2005). The Role of Women in Popular Education in Bolivia: A Case Study of the //Oficina Juridica Para La Mujer//. Adult Basic Education. 15 (1): pp. 3-20.

([])
 * Legitimacy** – being in accordance with the law or correct principles of reasoning

(ld) //adj.// **lewd·er**, **lewd·est****1.** **a.** Preoccupied with sex and sexual desire; lustful.**b.** Obscene; indecent.**2.** //Obsolete// Wicked. [Middle English, //unlearned, lay, lascivious//, from Old English , //ignorant, lay//.] The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition copyright ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
 * lewd
 * lewd[[image:http://img.tfd.com/hm/GIF/prime.gif align="absBottom"]]ly** //adv.//**lewd[[image:http://img.tfd.com/hm/GIF/prime.gif align="absBottom"]]ness** //n.// ||


 * Liberal educational approach**: It ranges from personal to corporate, participants are self-directed and in search of personal growth. The goal is to develop well adjusted learner and emphasizes neutrality on power issues. Rewards and opportunities are primarily awarded on the basis of natural talent and ability. One of the proponents is Malcolm Knowles (Arnold et al., p. 23).

-er- //uh// -liz- uh m), //noun// - a political or social philosophy advocating the freedom of the individual, parliamentary systems of government, nonviolent modification of political, social, or economic institutions to assure unrestricted development in all spheres of human endeavor, and governmental guarantees of individual rights and civil liberties (Arnold et al. pg. 23) (//In Dictionary.com. Retrieved September 28, 2009 from// []) To set free, as from oppression, confinement, or foreign control.
 * //Liberalism//** - //Pronunciation// (
 * lib**
 * Liberation-** the attempt to achieve equal rights or status;
 * //Liberation theology//** – It is a dialectical-based process of reflection (contemplation) and action as a strategy for the poor in their self-emancipation. Christianity can play in the process of liberating the oppressed (Richard, p. 26).
 * Liberatory pedagogy** - Education which is liberatory encourages learners to challenge and change the world, not merely uncritically adapt themselves to it. The content and purpose of liberatory education is the collective responsibility of learners, teachers, and the community alike who, through dialogue, seek political, as well as economic and personal empowerment. Programs of liberatory education support and compliment larger social struggles for liberation. (http://www.history.vt.edu/Arnold/Craig/gloss.html)

Use: "<span style="color: #000033; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">The most controversial feature of human rights is the claim that they are universally valid. A common objection to this claim is that the concept belongs to Western culture, especially liberal individualism, and that it is alien to non-Western cultures. To claim that it is universally applicable is to engage in “cultural imperialism.” Michael Freeman "Philosophy" Encyclopedia of Human Rights. Ed. David P. Forsythe. Oxford University Press, 2009.
 * Liberal individualism** n. Add to the concept of //liberalism,// "<span style="color: #000033; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">Broadly any set of ideas emphasizing the importance of the individual and the individual's interests, the term is used to characterize a range of ideas, philosophies, and doctrines." Dictionary of Sociology. John Scott and Gordon Marshall. Oxford University Press 2009.


 * Life Skills -** a set of human skills that are acquired through teaching or direct experience. These skills can be utilized regularly in daily life situations.

**// Lifelong learning //** – also known as **LLL**, is the "lifelong, lifewide, voluntary, and self-motivated” pursuit of knowledge for either personal or professional reasons. As such, it not only enhances social inclusion, active citizenship and personal development, but also competitiveness and employability. Source: [] . Version:1.0 Lifelong learning may also be defined as informal, nonformal and formal learning that extends from cradle to grave and that takes place in settings in and beyond the traditional classroom (Rubenson, in press; ADHE 583 class discussions, 2008.)
 * //Lifelong Education//** – comprehends both an individual’s intentional and incidental learning experiences. In use this concept has been eroded. Two other meanings are frequently found: (a) in some contexts the terms are employed as synonyms of adult education; (b) in some contexts they are used to mean the organization of learning opportunities to meet the needs of the individual throughout life (which excludes incidental learning). In North America continuing education is also employed to mean this.

Lifelong learning is especially wonderful because it includes everything! Whether you're into CD and DVD programs on your own, attending community education classes, traveling with learning programs, or simply gathering with friends to learn bridge, you're an ageless learner. (source: [] )

Addition: For example, "it is possible to take a segment of our lifeworld, bring it into the foreground and conciously examine it while the rest of the lifeworld remains unquestioned, continuing to provide the frameworks within which we think and the background against which we act" (Newman, 229). //Addition//: it can be both a subject for examination and a resource to draw upon in the course of making that examination. For example, from Teaching About Action article, Pitika Ntuli addressed the audience at the music festival by using the shared lifeworld as a resource, an object of examination and a site in which and upon which to act. (Newman, 229) Addition: is a more abstract concept; it denotes the countless givens we draw on when we make meaning of events and when we judge people's actions and utterances. (Newman;229)
 * Lifeworld -** denotes the almost infinite number of shared understandings upon which we build our lives and upon which we base our interactions with others (Newman, 2006, p. 229).

1. to pay attention to a sound, or to try to hear a sound 2. to pay attention to what someone tells you and do what they suggest http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/listen
 * Linguicism:**(Phillipson, 1992). Phillipson coins the word linguicism to describe "an assembly of ideologies, structures, and practices which are used to legitimate, effectuate and reproduce an unequal division of power and resources (both material and immaterial) between groups which are defined on the basis of language". In other words, "linguicism" refers to the structuring of hegemonic relations through language.
 * Listen:**


 * //Literacy://** Is a concept claimed and defined by a range of different theoretical fields. In everyday terms, "literacy" is typically described as the ability to read and write. Literacy involves a continuum of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge and potential, and to participate fully in their community and wider society. Literacy skills are often a major component of foundational skills which individuals use to build on.

Literacy:
the ability to read and write. - generally refers to the ability to read and write dominant language of a country

//**listless-**// lacking interest of energy

lacking zest or vivacity marked by low spirits; showing no enthusiasm []
 * adj.**

//**Locus of Control:**// A theoretical construct designed to assess a person's perceived control over his or her own behavior. (Dictionary.com) - Further classified as internal locus of control and external locus of control **External locus of control:** indicates that they believe their decisions and life is controlled by their environment, some higher power, or other people. []
 * Internal locus of control:** indicates that the person feels in control of events/ life